Thursday, June 18, 2015

From the Vaults!

Recently I visited the University of Iowa Special Collections to peruse their William J. Young collection and Curtis Collection. What follows are some of the interesting asides I discovered. The order is simply the order I photocopied the documents.

1. from September 20, 1887, a receipt for the Provident Woodyard from Chicago, Illinois. The note was for "1 car edgings each week until further notice." The receipt was signed by McCauliff.
        The woodyard was located at 395 N. Clark Street. From the research, the wood yard was created to serve the unemployed, mainly those who found employment difficult to obtain. The Wood Yard seemed to be under the Chicago Relief and Aid Society. They opened multiple lumber yards.

2. A note from Ellis, Kansas dated September 9, 1887. The note most likely says: "Gentlemen, your special list of #5 for 188? at hand but can not tell anything by that. Send us ? prices on your stock and we may be able to buy something. Our sale from Kansas City here is 23 cents for 100#. Yours truly, Nicholson ?" There are pencil markings for O.K. 40 cents. William seems to have sent an answer of September 13, 1887 based off the note.

    Most likely, the company William Young was communicating with was Nicholson Brothers. I find records of two brothers, Jack & Ralph, who were born in 1887 & 1888. They went on to not only own a lumber yard but coal interests as well. In 1894, they were listed as one of two lumber companies in the town of Ellis. For the inquiring minds, The Reference Book of Lumbermen's Credit Association has for Lyons: Disbrow, M.A, (credited as manufacturing and d & b), Gardiner, Batchelder, & Welles (lumber and sawmill), Joyce D (lumber & sawmill), Lohberg F (lumber) Lyons Lumber Company (lumber and sawmill) and Sorenson Jens (p m s d & b). For Clinton: Clinton Box & Mfg Co (mfrs boxes); Clinton Lumber Company (lumber & sawmill); Curtis Brothers (mfrs s d & b); Gabriel & Siddle Company (l bks & h w l); Lamb C & Sons (lumber s & p m); Peterson Bell & Company (mfrs boxes); Smith F & Sons (mfrs boxes); Young W.J. & Company (lumber, sawmill, & p m). So this is a total of just 6 sawmills in 1894.

If you trust the web, it seems Nicholson Brothers lasted until 1972 when Trio Home Center bought the company. The Trio Home Center claims the the lumber yard opened in 1876.

3. Letter dated September 9, 1887: A quick aside, it was amazing to see how many letters Young got everyday, and all of them just about the same. Orders were not very business like, a fact that George L Curtis would remark on in the early 1900's. He felt his forefathers in the company didn't keep good enough books... Perhaps one problem, as will be evident in further letters, was that Young was always looking for bookkeepers.

The letter was from John Nicoll, dealer in Lumber, Sash, Doors, Blinds, Mouldings, Hard and Soft Coal. The firm was Goldfield, Iowa.

   Transcription:

W.J. Young & Company
 Dear Sirs,

Please ad to my order ofthe 6th inst, 400 feet of no 4 stock 12 inch wide 12 feet long S2S must be dry  be shure and get this in as I want it at once. Leave out some of the ? in my order if need be to get this in and oblige
yours,
John Nicoll
William answered on 9/12/87.

September 9 was a Friday in 1887, so Young answered them pretty quickly.

John Nicoll seems to have been born in Canada in 1847 and had ten children before he passed away in 1914. Goldfield is right off the Boone River and has 621 people in it today. In 1880, it had 90. In 1890 it had nearly 350.

4. Document four is nearly illegible. More to come on this one.


5. One of the very interesting things present in most of Young's boxes were Night Messages from The Western Union Telegraph Company. This one was from John Nicoll of Goldfield from Document 3. The date was 9/9, and John asked William "Hold my order until you receive my letter."

Curious why he didn't send the telegraph to begin with.

6. A letter from Office of R. Newton Successor to River Sioux Lumber Company Dealer in Lumber, Lath, Lime, Coal, ?
Letter was sent from Missouri Valley, Iowa on September 25, 1887.

WJ Young & Company
(Note I have no idea if the transcription is right and I have no idea what it all means!)

I think if you can load Thursday I can make it if I can sure to get in the car here by Saturday morning. I can make it work all right.
        Your ?
       R. Newton

R, Newton is most likely Reuben Newton. They lived in River Sioux, Iowa, one of the thousands of railroad towns that were platted but never became incorporated. So in reality they lived in Missiouri Valley, Iowa as in 1883, Reuben and his family moved to Missiouri Valley, Iowa and opened the lumber company. Interestingly, Reuben was born in New York in the 1840's,

7. More to come

8. Dated September 1, 1887, a letter from C.W. Rodman & BRC Fruit, Produce and Commission Merchants.

The letter came from LaCrosse, Wisconsin, and the company sold potatoes, onions, apples, and melons in car lots and Fish, Game and Poultry shipped to all parts of the country.

Dear,





Saturday, June 6, 2015

What powered our mills?

I marvel at how much information good authors and good historians can fit into a few pages. One of the most authoritative historians on geography, forestry, and the lumber industry aka an environmental historian, was Michael Williams. Professor Williams among other things was a professor of geography at Oxford.  This is a summary of pages 232-235 in his book, Deforesting the Earth, published by the University of Chicago Press.
                These pages simply answered what powered the sawmills of America? At the museum, the mills we interpret mostly utilized steam but we have a few examples of water wheels as well. Our actual sawmill uses diesel, as it is a 1920’s sawmill. For the pivotal year of 1870, the year the Mississippi River Logging Company was created, there were 16,562 water wheels producing 327,000 hp in lumber mills while only 11,204 steam engines were powering mills (Williams, 232). Just another light bulb for why Clinton, Weyerhaeuser, and the area  mills were able to build such a business.
                Michael also lays out the change in productivity of saws. The most rudimentary form of sawing logs into lumber was pit-sawing. This hand powered operation could cut 100-200 board feet a day. In 1621, water powered single blade and single sash blades came into vogue. The single blade saws  only cut 500-3,000 board feet a day. The water powered muley saw (still up and down blades but much lighter and quicker) could cut 5,000-8,000 board feet a day. In 177, the water powered circular saw was used but it wasn’t until the early 1800’s that they became prevalent. The circular saw, when water powered, cut a little slower at 500-1,200 board feet a day. The problem, as we see evident even in our circular saw, was the waste a circular saw created. While improvements were made, for example, a steam powered gang saw and/or circular saw could produce 40,000 plus board feet, it was the steam-powered band saw in the late 1870’s that revolutionized the sawmill industry.
                Michael Williams continues to show how the mills in America drove more than just changes in saw technology. Pressure was put on all lines of production to produce technological changes tthat resulted in increased productivity. The carriages that move the logs into the blades were always being tinkered with to increase the “speed at which the logs were transported past the saws.” Like our Struve mill, the carriages in the mid-1800’s became equipped with automatic log rotators. To get the logs out of the milling pond/holding pong, in 1863, a Wisconsin lumberman (WHO) invented the “endless chain method of moving logs.”
                Michael in his book Deforesting the Earth, shows the real effect of all the increases in productivity. It was another example of the change to the craft economy, the stresses on other related businesses, the stresses on the forests, and the stresses on socioeconomic makeups of logging/lumber towns—not to mention the complete disappearance of most of these towns.
                He has two great books that are filled with more information than you will have need to know about the historic changes of our forests.  


https://books.google.com/books?id=_Oog9pdiDkMC&pg=PA232&dq=gang+saw+bandsaw+circular+saw+sawmill&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_Q1zVea8HMeKyASMp4DADg&ved=0CFwQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=gang%20saw%20bandsaw%20circular%20saw%20sawmill&f=false

Saturday, April 25, 2015

Live Blog of the Gateway History Conference




Greetings. I will be live blogging the conference. Apologies for any typos or half truths, as I've been updating this on my phone as I'm running around the conference. 


Clark Kidder speaking about Orphan Trains


Clark Kidder officially began the conference with a great question: how many of you have a relative who came out on the Orphan Train? We had two raise their hand.

One interesting photo in Kidder's presentation is the only known interior shot of a train. Kidder's presentation is quite impressive as he relies on diaries and letters to give voices to the "orphans." As you can probably guess, many of these orphans were not orphans. 

Kidder shared a great story to show the struggles of children to grasp with the emotional turmoil of living in the orphanage. A great comparison between a child getting in trouble over asking about vanilla and a child's response to seeing her mother at the orphanage one last time. She sent her mother a letter after the meeting. The letter went unanswered and the child was sent west. 

Reverend Clark, a key figure in the life of Kidder's great grandmother's adoption of I heard right, is worth a Google or better yet check out Clark's book. A really interesting letter from Clark showed the most important request for a child: a girl who will be able to go to events and not tan! Clark noticed they just wanted a doll to show off and with one transgression, back to New York! Trust me Clark and through Kidder is able to make the adoption process come alive. 

One of the things on the tan line though is what a euphemism for make sure she is white! 
Clark Kidder's grandmother

First session is over. The next one is on Early Iowa history. 

Session One started with a stark video on the loss of Native American land and thus the growth of American ownership:land grab.

In 100 years from 1776-1876,  the U.S. used nearly 400 treaties and orders to take possession ofNative  American land. Bill Sherman is focusing on the nine treaties that forced Native Americans out of Iowa. 


Bill Sherman outlining the nine treaties that removed the Native Americans from Iowa

Bill Sherman is going through the treaties. Quite impressive to see all the treaties presented one after another. 

A great fact is on average America "paid" Native Americans .08 cents per acre for their land compared to roughly 3.5 cents per acre to France. 

Russ Fry's session is on the fate of Blackhawk's body. All I heard was someone took Blackhawk's head and that got my attention. I sense a great book about Blackhawk and Lincoln's bodies! The big difference is Blackhawk's bones were successfully stolen and moved around. 

Russ is spending a great amount of time showing how typical histories show that Blackhawk's bones were lost in a fire in 1853, not 1855 like is often said. That isn't a juicy story so the real story is that Blackhawk's bones were never destroyed in the fire. 

To find out what did happen to his bones, got to check out his book. The true twist is Russ knows the location but he will not disclose the location out of the request of the tribe.

Next in the session on Early History is Jan Hansen speaking on the Springdale cemetery in Clinton. The first grave was 1858. 

Jan went through all the mausoleums in Springdale. Definitely head down to the Historical Museum to check out more. For example there is one Confederate buried.

Session 3 began with Lisa from the Swedish Center who talked about local Swedish immigrants. New Sweden, Iowa was the first permanent Swedish settlement. 

From an attendant on Lisa's presentation: We arrived just in time for the speaker about Black Hawk's final resting place. Our main interested today was Session 2. I was thrilled with the presenter about Swedish immigration. And further overjoyed that the first settlement she mentioned was "New Sweden" Iowa. We visited there just last weekend and had the emotional experience of visiting the graves of many of my ancestors. So her topic was very timely and interesting for me. Thank you for hosting this event.

Some great insights into the forces of immigration and what it took to settle in America. Not just facing cultural forces, the early settlers had to face cholera and failed crops. 

Lisa had a fun story that instead of the train conductor yelling out Moline, they yelled out John Deere. 

Kelly from the German American Heritage Center is talking about the German immigrants in the Quad Cities. 7 million Germans came to America. The bridge in Davenport made Davenport a hub for immigrants coming west as no longer did they have to go down to New Orleans and upwards. Once again a great look into the push/pull factors causing Germans to immigrate.  

Kelly Lao talking about the German Heritage Center and the history of German immigrants in the Gateway region. 

No surprise that immigrants grew the Quad Cities from a couple dozens to 16,000. Another interesting point was Iowa was the first state to outlaw the German language. Plus check out the effects of Prohibition on Germans in the Quad Cities.  

The last presenter before lunch were actually presenters. Barb and Jane of a Fulton talked about the Dutch immigration to Fulton. Barb thankfully led with why Fulton's immigration was different than Pella and Holland, MI. 

Dutch people came to Fulton from Michigan. He visited Fulton once and went back to Michigan. There he sold his interests in Michigan and came to Fulton. Then six other gentlemen from Michigan soon followed. Of all names, the first Dutch immigrant was Thomas 
Smith.!

Session three has begun at 2pm. The session is about religion. Steve Barleen is the speaker to kick it off. Barleen spoke about Billy Sunday. A great introduction on the liquor interests who were portrayed as saloon keepers who tried to reel in young men and corrupt them.

Why saloons and why did ministers fight saloons? Urbanization, industrialization, and immigration became identified in the evils of a saloon. His focus though is on Billy Sunday. 

Steve Barleen talking about Billy Sunday 


Billy Sunday in the 1880's played for the White Stockings, known as the Cubs now. One crazy stat that in I believe Muscatine there was a saloon for every 66 men of age. 

Random feature of bars I never knew: towels attached to the bar to wipe the beards of the male bar consumer. Also, in some bars, they had a trough to urinate in so a hard working class man didn't even have to leave the bar to relieve himself. 

An interesting connection with the lumber industry is that when Billy Sunday visited Muscatine, the meeting place was Mussers Sash factory. 

Gary Herrity began the second part of the religion session and kicked off a look at Clinton's five Carholic churches.

The last panel session focuses on the economy of the Gateway area. The Fulton group focused on Langford & Hall mill in Fulton, which was right across the river from our museum in the late 
1800's. 

A great presentation on the sawmill industry in Fulton which is a good addition to our sawmill identity. 


Barb Mask told a wonderful narrative about the Lincoln Highway and Fulton. Fulton was chosen because it was the shortest distance between Chicago and the river. Related, bridges! 


The highway came in on 15th Avenue and turned on 10th Avenue.

The conferences has ended with the award winning documentary: Country School: One Room, One Nation.